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Monday, August 12, 2013

Greenland's ice is melting from below by the heat of the lithosphere

The ice of Greenland is melting from below, caused by high heat flow in the lithosphere mantle, an influence varies in space and has its origin in an exceptionally thin lithosphere. Therefore, there is an increased heat flow from the mantle and a complex interaction between this geothermal heating and Greenland ice. The IceGeoHeal international research initiative led by the Centre GFZ German Research Goeciencias set to the current edition of  Nature Geoscience that this effect can not be ignored when modeling the ice as part of a climate study. The continental ice sheets play a fundamental role in climate continental ice sheets play a fundamental role in climate. The interactions and feedback processes between the ice and the temperature rise are complex and still subject of current research. The Greenland ice sheet loses about 227 gigatonnes of ice per year and contributes about 0.7 millimeters to change in the mean sea level currently observed around 3 mm per year. However, the existing model calculations are based on consideration of the ice and the effect of the lithosphere, ie the crust and upper mantle of the Earth, too simplistic and fundamentally Mechanical presses ice bark down due to its weight. GFZ scientists Alexey joined Petrunin and Irina Rogozhina ice climate model with thermomechanical another Greenland lithosphere. We carried out the model for a simulation period of three million years "We carried out the model for a simulation period of three million years and taking into account the measurements of ice cores and magnetic and seismic data independent "explains Petrunin. "Our model calculations are in good agreement with measurements. Both the thickness of the ice, and the temperature at its base are represented very accurately , "he adds. "The temperature at the base of the ice and therefore, the current dynamics of the Greenland ice cap is the result of interactions between the heat flow from the interior of the earth and the temperature changes associated with the cycles glacial, "says Irina Rogozhina. "We found areas where ice melts at the base along with other areas in which the base is very cold, "he qualifies. The current climate is influenced by processes that go much further back in the history of Earth : the lithosphere Greenland is between 2.8 to 1,700,000,000 years old and is only 70 to 80 miles thick beneath Central Greenland, so you need to explore why it is so thin. The coupling of models of ice dynamics models of the solid earth thermomechanical allows a more accurate view of the processes that are melting the ice in Greenland.

Apple will unveil its new iPhone in September

The company Apple will present the next generation of your phone iPhone on September 10, says today's blog All Things D the Wall Street Journal based on sources which the company has access to. The smartphone renewed man is sure that the latest innovation took place in September 2012 with the iPhone 5This time, the operating system iOS 7 will introduce changes deeper than in the past. Also there is speculation the launch of a new economic model to compete with the many cheaper phones carrying the Android operating system from GoogleExperts believe that it is likely that the new model is an update of the previous oneiPhone 5S , and not a new iPhone in JuneFor other releases, is expected to be made ​​official the next version of Mac OS X, however, shall in the event of September 10Rumors also point to a TV and watch, but there is no indication that they are close to their debut.

Israel announces the construction of over a thousand homes in East Jerusalem and the West Bank

As had advanced local media Israel has announced the tender for 1,187 households new to the colonies in the West Bank and in East Jerusalem.Thus, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu tries to calm anger over nationalist flank after its Executive approve the release of 104 Palestinian prisoners ahead of the resumption of the peace process.The first meeting between the two sides will take place this Wednesday in Jerusalem in an atmosphere of distrust and zero maximum optimism. U.S. was aware of this step after getting the revival of Israeli-Palestinian dialogue, stalled since 2010. The Israeli daily Maariv reported that the announcement on Sunday is agreed with Washington after the government voted in favor of the release of prisoners. While the right-wing government applaud the new homes, although considered "insufficient", the center-left led by Minister of Economy and number two in the coalition, Yair Lapid, defines it as "double mistake and counterproductive."

A much stronger criticism in Ramallah

Last week and at information on the construction of 878 homes in West Bank settlements, the chief Palestinian negotiator, Saeb Erekat, sent a letter to Secretary of State, John Kerry, protesting the "lack of good faith and seriousness" of Israel in the peace process. He also demanded to take measures to halt the construction he considers "the greatest obstacle to peace and a Palestinian state." Following the announcement on Sunday of the construction of 793 homes in Jerusalem beyond the Green Line (the border of 67) and 394 in four major West Bank settlements, the Housing Minister Uri Ariel said: "The Government is acting to reduce the high cost and the price of housing serving all citizens whether Negev, north or Judea and Samaria (West Bank). No country in the world accepts dictates of others on which may or may not build." A leading member of the ultranationalist party Bait Yehudit, Ariel claims that Israel has given in recent months to pressure from the international community "as long there is no public tenders construction in Judea and Samaria homes where there is a silent freeze. The announcement comes late and insufficient ". The Palestinian leader, Mohamed Shtaye, reporting that the announcement of Ariel "is a deliberate attempt to sabotage the efforts of the United States and the international community to resume negotiations to approve more homes in settlements to three days of the first meeting between Israeli and Palestinian ". In the environment of Netanyahu, remember vowed never to paralysis of the construction as a condition for the resumption of negotiations and the letter sent to Kerry protesting what they consider "incitement to hatred and violence" of the Palestinian leadership.

First prisoners

Israel on Tuesday released the first 26 prisoners of the 104 detained before the Oslo accords. Despite the appeal to the Israeli Supreme Court by the families of the victims of the attacks or planned by prisoners, the release becomes effective. The next day, the Jerusalem meeting between Erekat and Israeli chief negotiator, Tzipi Livni. No commitment to a definitive agreement in nine months as Kerry aims to be exercise 'fireman' to extinguish fires on the negotiating table. For now, the man in the talks, the veteran diplomat Martin Indyk already in Jerusalem with the hose ready.

Community Shield l First title was Moyes

Manchester United has been done with the first title of the season by beating England 2-0 at Wembley to Wigan in the Community Shield, which pits the league champions and FA Cup champion Two goals from Van Persie, one on each side, enough to break a whole this season will play in the second division. David Moyes made ​​his debut in a competitive match, withoutRooney, who could leave the team in the coming hours, fielded veteranísimo Giggs alongside promising young Zaha chaperone Dutch striker who was very successful in the auction. The Spanish De Gea took the goal and finished unbeaten. Neither the rapid injury Rafael , right side totaling in each attack, could slow the stranglehold Manchester team, which had possession of the ball at all times and did not want surprises later to take the lead. Next week, the 'Red Devils' travel to Swansea to play the first day of Premier League against Welsh club.

Manchester United

David De Gea, Rafael da Silva (Chris Smalling, m.16), Nemanja Vidic, Phil Jones, Patrice Evra, Wilfried Zaha (Luis Antonio Valencia, m.61), Michael Carrick, Tom Cleverley, Ryan Giggs (Anderson, m.61), Robin van Persie (Adnan Januzaj, m.84) and Danny Welbeck (Shinji Kagawa, m.83).
Wigan
Scott Carson, Emmerson Boyce, James Perch, Leon Barnett, Stephen Crainey, Ben Watson (Roger Espinoza, m.72), James McCarthy (Nouha Dicko, m.86), James McArthur (Chris McCann, M.60 ), Shaun Maloney (Jordi Gómez, m.71), Grant Holt (Callum McManaman, m.61) and James McClean (Marc-Antoine Fortune, m.61).
Goals
Robin Van Persie 6' & 59'
Referee
Marc Clattenburg. He showed yellow card to James McArthur and Roger Espinoza, and Tom Cleverley Wigan, United.
Subs
Super Cup final in England (Community Shield match at Wembley Stadium in London.